There is no energy conversion between thermal and mechanical energy. Be careful when you compare it with efficiencies of wind or hydropower (wind turbines are not heat engines). For example, electricity is particularly useful since it has very low entropy (is highly ordered) and can be converted into other forms of energy very efficiently. It is closely associated with the concept of entropy, which quantifies the energy of a substance that is no longer available to perform useful work. But to get work from thermal energy is more difficult. It is easy to produce thermal energy by doing work, for example, by any frictional process. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Technical Review. “Approach to High-Efficiency Diesel and Gas Engines” (PDF). Takaishi, Tatsuo Numata, Akira Nakano, Ryouji Sakaguchi, Katsuhiko (March 2008).
The thermal efficiencies are usually below 50% and often far below. In short, it is very difficult to convert thermal energy to mechanical energy. In general, the efficiency of even the best heat engines is quite low.
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